液体火箭发动机健康监控技术研究现状

液体火箭发动机健康监控技术是改进和提高运载火箭、航天器可靠性与安全性的核心技术之一,对其进行研究具有重要的学术价值和工程应用价值。液体火箭发动机健康监控技术的研究主要包括液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法、液体火箭发动机健康监控系统两方面。该文介绍了基于模型驱动的方法、基于数据驱动的方法和基于人工智能的方法,阐明了液体火箭发动机故障检测与诊断理论方法的研究现状,通过对美国液体火箭发动机典型健康监控系统的介绍,阐明了液体火箭发动机健康监控系统研究的若干进展及现状,并对液体火箭推进系统健康监控技术的演变趋势作了简要评述。     

Statistical study of the time delay of ionospheric TEC storms to geomagnetic storms in Taoyuan,Taiwan

We have studied the time delay of ionospheric storms to geomagnetic storms at a low latitude station Taoyuan (25.02°N, 121.21°E), Taiwan using the Dst and TEC data during 126 geomagnetic storms from the year 2002 to 2014. In addition to the known local time dependence of the time delay, the statistics show that the time delay has significant seasonal characteristics, which can be explained within the framework of the seasonal characteristics of the ionospheric TEC. The data also show that there is no correlation between the time delay and the intensity of magnetic storms. As for the solar activity dependence of the time delay, the results show that there is no relationship between the time delay of positive storms and the solar activity, whereas the time delay of negative storms has weakly negative dependence on the solar activity, with correlation coefficient −0.41. Especially, there are two kinds of extreme events: pre-storm response events and long-time delay events. All of the pre-storm response events occurred during 15–20 LT, manifesting the Equator Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) feature at Taoyuan. Moreover, the common features of the pre-storm response events suggest the storm sudden commencement (SSC) and weak geomagnetic disturbance before the main phase onset (MPO) of magnetic storms are two main possible causes of the pre-storm response events. By analyzing the geomagnetic indices during the events with long-time delay, we infer that this kind of events may not be caused by magnetic storms, and they might belong to ionospheric Q-disturbances.     

无人平台复杂地形探测的视触融合方法

为提高无人平台在复杂环境中的地形探测能力以及解决在小样本数据下识别地形困难的问题，提出了一种无人平台复杂地形探测的视触融合方法。在原始宽度学习的基础上，建立了多模态级联特征节点宽度学习框架。首先进行触觉和视觉初步特征提取和融合特征提取，随后将融合特征矩阵经宽度学习分类器得到地形识别的结果。最后，在自建的视觉-触觉地形 (V-T2)数据集进行了实验验证。结果表明，相比于传统的融合算法，提出的融合算法有很好的准确性和鲁棒性，为无人平台地形探测提供了有效的策略。     

对于动态目标的航天器鲁棒PD+快速跟踪控制方法

摘要：针对卫星对于空间动态目标快速、稳定地跟踪、控制目标，同时考虑平台模型的不确定性、外部随机干扰、系统控制力矩与角速度约束等因素，设计PD+控制器实现对于动态目标的快速、稳定跟踪；在经典PD控制器的基础上设计控制添加项使得系统能够按照既定轨迹运动；采用变结构的手段实现系统收敛速度的提升；合理设计Lyapunov函数的结构，引出角速度、四元数的耦合项对V函数进行改良，简化系统稳定性证明与分析的过程；讨论系统最极端情形，通过对V函数上下界的讨论分析系统该情形下的稳定性；最后通过数值仿真验证所提出算法的有效性与优越性.     

Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

星载微波传感器大气温湿度物理反演算法研究

针对我国下一代静止轨道微波探测器资料应用的需求,对微波50~60GHz和183GHz的温湿遥感通道开展了不同大气条件下探测敏感高度的模拟,发现大气散射对微波探测影响明显,尤其是近地面通道,在未来数据应用时需加以注意。提出一种基于一维变分的大气温湿度廓线物理反演算法。以美国最新一代气象卫星Suomi NPP搭载的ATMS(Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder)获取的观测资料为研究对象,RTTOV(Radiative Transfer for TOVS)快速辐射传输模式为前向算子,利用一维变分算法开展了温湿度廓线反演单点试验。研究发现:地表参数对微波亮温,尤其是地面通道影响较大。同时,反演所需背景场对反演结果影响较明显,反演所得温度与背景场较接近。     

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件摩擦力矩特性研究

控制力矩陀螺轴承组件是空间飞行器姿态控制系统的核心部件，其轴承的性能直接影响着空间飞行器姿态控制系统的控制精度和使用寿命，甚至危及空间飞行器安全.对于控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，轴承摩擦力矩大小及其波动性是轴承的关键性能指标，针对空间飞行器控制力矩陀螺轴承组件，在滚动轴承摩擦学和动力学基础上，建立六自由度控制力矩陀螺轴承组件非线性动力学微分方程组，并采用预估 校正的GSTIFF(Gear stiff)变步长积分算法进行求解，对其在有/无重力的工作环境、公 自转工况、轴承预紧力以及保持架兜孔间隙对轴承摩擦力矩幅值及其波动性的影响进行分析.分析结果表明：预紧力对轴承组件摩擦力矩影响显著，预紧力过大或过小都不利于降低摩擦力矩及其波动性，对于本文分析的轴承组件最佳预紧力为50~55N；保持架稳定性受重力影响显著，无重力时自转工况下保持架较稳定；过小的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩增大，过大的兜孔间隙会使摩擦力矩波动性增大，存在最优兜孔间隙使得摩擦力矩及其波动性都较小，针对本文分析型号的轴承组件，间隙比应控制在0.6~0.8之间.     

一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法

本文提出了一种基于虚拟页地址映射的NAND Flash管理算法.该算法通过定义坏块表、对应表等结构，以及设计的坏块替换策略和虚拟页地址到实际物理页地址的转换算法，实现上层软件采用虚拟地址对NAND Flash的无坏块连续页地址访问.该算法是一种高效的地址映射算法，能高效地对数据进行索引，占用SRAM空间较少，使系统达到高性能，并使得闪存使用的更加稳定持久.     

An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode

We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model.